1.分块上传使用场景
大文件加速上传：当文件大小超过100MB时，使用分片上传可实现并行上传多个Part以加快上传速度。
网络环境较差：网络环境较差时，建议使用分片上传。当出现上传失败的时候，您仅需重传失败的Part。
文件大小不确定: 可以在需要上传的文件大小还不确定的情况下开始上传，这种场景在视频监控等行业应用中比较常见。
2.实现原理
实现原理其实很简单，核心就是客户端把大文件按照一定规则进行拆分，比如20MB为一个小块，分解成一个一个的文件块，然后把这些文件块单独上传到服务端，等到所有的文件块都上传完毕之后，客户端再通知服务端进行文件合并的操作，合并完成之后整个任务结束。
3.代码工程
实验目的
实现大文件分块上传
pom.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <parent> <artifactId>springboot-demo</artifactId> <groupId>com.et</groupId> <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version> </parent> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <artifactId>file</artifactId> <properties> <maven.compiler.source>8</maven.compiler.source> <maven.compiler.target>8</maven.compiler.target> </properties> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-autoconfigure</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId> <artifactId>httpclient</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId> <artifactId>httpmime</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId> <artifactId>lombok</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>cn.hutool</groupId> <artifactId>hutool-core</artifactId> <version>5.8.15</version> </dependency> </dependencies> </project>
controller
package com.et.controller;
import com.et.bean.Chunk;
import com.et.bean.FileInfo;
import com.et.service.ChunkService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.core.io.Resource;
import org.springframework.http.HttpHeaders;
import org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;
import java.util.List;
@RestController
@RequestMapping("file")
public class ChunkController {
@Autowired
private ChunkService chunkService;
/** * upload by part * * @param chunk * @return */
@PostMapping(value = "chunk")
public ResponseEntity<String> chunk(Chunk chunk) {
chunkService.chunk(chunk);
return ResponseEntity.ok("File Chunk Upload Success");
}
/** * merge * * @param filename * @return */
@GetMapping(value = "merge")
public ResponseEntity<Void> merge(@RequestParam("filename") String filename) {
chunkService.merge(filename);
return ResponseEntity.ok().build();
}
/** * get fileName * * @return files */
@GetMapping("/files")
public ResponseEntity<List<FileInfo>> list() {
return ResponseEntity.ok(chunkService.list());
}
/** * get single file * * @param filename * @return file */
@GetMapping("/files/{filename:.+}")
public ResponseEntity<Resource> getFile(@PathVariable("filename") String filename) {
return ResponseEntity.ok().header(HttpHeaders.CONTENT_DISPOSITION, "attachment; filename=\"" + filename + "\"")
.body(chunkService.getFile(filename));
}
}config
package com.et.config;
import com.et.service.FileClient;
import com.et.service.impl.LocalFileSystemClient;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.function.Supplier;
@Configuration
public class FileClientConfig {
@Value("${file.client.type:local-file}")
private String fileClientType;
private static final Map<String, Supplier<FileClient>> FILE_CLIENT_SUPPLY = new HashMap<String, Supplier<FileClient>>() {
{
put("local-file", LocalFileSystemClient::new);
// put("aws-s3", AWSFileClient::new);
}
};
/**
* get client
*
* @return
*/
@Bean
public FileClient fileClient() {
return FILE_CLIENT_SUPPLY.get(fileClientType).get();
}
}service
package com.et.service;
import com.et.bean.Chunk;
import com.et.bean.FileInfo;
import org.springframework.core.io.Resource;
import java.util.List;
public interface ChunkService {
void chunk(Chunk chunk);
void merge(String filename);
List < FileInfo > list();
Resource getFile(String filename);
}package com.et.service.impl;
import com.et.bean.Chunk;
import com.et.bean.ChunkProcess;
import com.et.bean.FileInfo;
import com.et.service.ChunkService;
import com.et.service.FileClient;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.core.io.Resource;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Optional;
import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;
import java.util.concurrent.CopyOnWriteArrayList;
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicBoolean;
@Service
@Slf4j
public class ChunkServiceImpl implements ChunkService {
// process
private static final Map<String, ChunkProcess> CHUNK_PROCESS_STORAGE = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();
// file list
private static final List<FileInfo> FILE_STORAGE = new CopyOnWriteArrayList<>();
@Autowired
private FileClient fileClient;
@Override
public void chunk(Chunk chunk) {
String filename = chunk.getFilename();
boolean match = FILE_STORAGE.stream().anyMatch(fileInfo -> fileInfo.getFileName().equals(filename));
if (match) {
throw new RuntimeException("File [ " + filename + " ] already exist");
}
ChunkProcess chunkProcess;
String uploadId;
if (CHUNK_PROCESS_STORAGE.containsKey(filename)) {
chunkProcess = CHUNK_PROCESS_STORAGE.get(filename);
uploadId = chunkProcess.getUploadId();
AtomicBoolean isUploaded = new AtomicBoolean(false);
Optional.ofNullable(chunkProcess.getChunkList()).ifPresent(chunkPartList ->
isUploaded.set(chunkPartList.stream().anyMatch(chunkPart -> chunkPart.getChunkNumber() == chunk.getChunkNumber())));
if (isUploaded.get()) {
log.info("file【{}】chunk【{}】upload，jump", chunk.getFilename(), chunk.getChunkNumber());
return;
}
} else {
uploadId = fileClient.initTask(filename);
chunkProcess = new ChunkProcess().setFilename(filename).setUploadId(uploadId);
CHUNK_PROCESS_STORAGE.put(filename, chunkProcess);
}
List<ChunkProcess.ChunkPart> chunkList = chunkProcess.getChunkList();
String chunkId = fileClient.chunk(chunk, uploadId);
chunkList.add(new ChunkProcess.ChunkPart(chunkId, chunk.getChunkNumber()));
CHUNK_PROCESS_STORAGE.put(filename, chunkProcess.setChunkList(chunkList));
}
@Override
public void merge(String filename) {
ChunkProcess chunkProcess = CHUNK_PROCESS_STORAGE.get(filename);
fileClient.merge(chunkProcess);
SimpleDateFormat simpleDateFormat = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss");
String currentTime = simpleDateFormat.format(new Date());
FILE_STORAGE.add(new FileInfo().setUploadTime(currentTime).setFileName(filename));
CHUNK_PROCESS_STORAGE.remove(filename);
}
@Override
public List<FileInfo> list() {
return FILE_STORAGE;
}
@Override
public Resource getFile(String filename) {
return fileClient.getFile(filename);
}
}package com.et.service.impl;
import com.et.bean.FileInfo;
import com.et.service.FileUploadService;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.core.io.FileSystemResource;
import org.springframework.core.io.Resource;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import org.springframework.util.FileCopyUtils;
import org.springframework.web.multipart.MultipartFile;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.nio.file.Files;
import java.nio.file.Paths;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.concurrent.CopyOnWriteArrayList;
@Service
@Slf4j
public class FileUploadServiceImpl implements FileUploadService {
@Value("${upload.path:/data/upload/}")
private String filePath;
private static final List<FileInfo> FILE_STORAGE = new CopyOnWriteArrayList<>();
@Override
public void upload(MultipartFile[] files) {
SimpleDateFormat simpleDateFormat = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss");
for (MultipartFile file : files) {
String fileName = file.getOriginalFilename();
boolean match = FILE_STORAGE.stream().anyMatch(fileInfo -> fileInfo.getFileName().equals(fileName));
if (match) {
throw new RuntimeException("File [ " + fileName + " ] already exist");
}
String currentTime = simpleDateFormat.format(new Date());
try (InputStream in = file.getInputStream();
OutputStream out = Files.newOutputStream(Paths.get(filePath + fileName))) {
FileCopyUtils.copy(in, out);
} catch (IOException e) {
log.error("File [{}] upload failed", fileName, e);
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
FileInfo fileInfo = new FileInfo().setFileName(fileName).setUploadTime(currentTime);
FILE_STORAGE.add(fileInfo);
}
}
@Override
public List<FileInfo> list() {
return FILE_STORAGE;
}
@Override
public Resource getFile(String fileName) {
FILE_STORAGE.stream()
.filter(info -> info.getFileName().equals(fileName))
.findFirst()
.orElseThrow(() -> new RuntimeException("File [ " + fileName + " ] not exist"));
File file = new File(filePath + fileName);
return new FileSystemResource(file);
}
}以上只是一些关键代码，所有代码请参见下面代码仓库
代码仓库
https://github.com/Harries/springboot-demo（File）
4.测试
启动Sprint Boot应用
编写测试类
package com.et.file;
import cn.hutool.core.io.FileUtil;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.springframework.core.io.FileSystemResource;
import org.springframework.http.HttpEntity;
import org.springframework.http.HttpHeaders;
import org.springframework.http.MediaType;
import org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity;
import org.springframework.util.LinkedMultiValueMap;
import org.springframework.util.MultiValueMap;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
import java.io.RandomAccessFile;
public class MultipartUploadTest {
@Test
public void testUpload() throws Exception {
String chunkFileFolder = "D:/tmp/";
java.io.File file = new java.io.File("D:/SoftWare/oss-browser-win32-ia32.zip");
long contentLength = file.length();
// partSize:20MB
long partSize = 20 * 1024 * 1024;
// the last partSize may less 20MB
long chunkFileNum = (long) Math.ceil(contentLength * 1.0 / partSize);
RestTemplate restTemplate = new RestTemplate();
try (RandomAccessFile raf_read = new RandomAccessFile(file, "r")) {
// buffer
byte[] b = new byte[1024];
for (int i = 1; i <= chunkFileNum; i++) {
// chunk
java.io.File chunkFile = new java.io.File(chunkFileFolder + i);
// write
try (RandomAccessFile raf_write = new RandomAccessFile(chunkFile, "rw")) {
int len;
while ((len = raf_read.read(b)) != -1) {
raf_write.write(b, 0, len);
if (chunkFile.length() >= partSize) {
break;
}
}
// upload
MultiValueMap<String, Object> body = new LinkedMultiValueMap<>();
body.add("file", new FileSystemResource(chunkFile));
body.add("chunkNumber", i);
body.add("chunkSize", partSize);
body.add("currentChunkSize", chunkFile.length());
body.add("totalSize", contentLength);
body.add("filename", file.getName());
body.add("totalChunks", chunkFileNum);
HttpHeaders headers = new HttpHeaders();
headers.setContentType(MediaType.MULTIPART_FORM_DATA);
HttpEntity<MultiValueMap<String, Object>> requestEntity = new HttpEntity<>(body, headers);
String serverUrl = "http://localhost:8080/file/chunk";
ResponseEntity<String> response = restTemplate.postForEntity(serverUrl, requestEntity, String.class);
System.out.println("Response code: " + response.getStatusCode() + " Response body: " + response.getBody());
} finally {
FileUtil.del(chunkFile);
}
}
}
// merge file
String mergeUrl = "http://localhost:8080/file/merge?filename=" + file.getName();
ResponseEntity<String> response = restTemplate.getForEntity(mergeUrl, String.class);
System.out.println("Response code: " + response.getStatusCode() + " Response body: " + response.getBody());
}
}运行测试类，日志如下
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